| The human evolution timeline is found recorded in | | | | would be human beings possessing a deep |
| Bible quotes (Book of Genesis). Adam's rib symbolizes | | | | knowledge of evolution timeline and humans nature. |
| the chromosome and is the key to the man ape | | | | They knew that it would not be possible to write |
| evolution. In discussing evolution vs creation, many | | | | what men would not understand at that time |
| convergences like this one are found.Someone who | | | | (existence of chromosomes, genes, DNA). They |
| holds to the theory of evolution and denies | | | | further knew that, in a patriarchal society such as the |
| creationism might ask why such an important matter | | | | one they lived in, women should remain in a |
| as the creation of human beings would be in a | | | | secondary role, in the written version, to make the |
| symbolic message rather than in explicit language. | | | | acceptance of God's word easier.The faithful cling to |
| And, after all, the Holy Scriptures don`t talk about | | | | the first answer, the dogma.But those who are not |
| chromosomes. That is a valid question, which shall be | | | | faithful may properly ask how those writers, barely |
| pursued below. First off, the main interest is to see | | | | out of a semi-nomadic life, could possess such |
| the points of confluence between evolution and | | | | knowledge about the evolution of the |
| creation regarding the appearance of the human | | | | species.Examined as a book and without any |
| being.Parallelism Between Adam's Rib and | | | | preconceived position, the Bible is a singular book and |
| ScienceThere is an amazing coincidence between the | | | | its writers differed from common mortals. However, |
| numbers in the Book of Genesis involving creationism | | | | as intelligent as they might have been, there was no |
| and numbers in science regarding man's evolution | | | | way they could have held such knowledge. Thus the |
| from the ape. The parallelism begins on the Bible | | | | answer is: this is a mystery.Book of Genesis & |
| quotes according to which God took out one of | | | | Science: More convergenceIn the pleasant study of |
| Adam's ribs and made the woman, Eve, with it.And | | | | Biblical numbers involving creation vs. evolution, there |
| the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam, | | | | are other convergent points. Example: part of the |
| and he slept; and He took one of his ribs, and closed | | | | sacred text reproduced at the beginning of this |
| up the flesh in its place. Then the rib which the Lord | | | | article and science's version of the differences in man |
| God had taken from man He made into a woman, | | | | ape. The Genesis expression "closed up the flesh in |
| and He brought her to the man.The number of ribs - | | | | its place" conveys a special meaning and suggests |
| Men have 24 ribs - 12 on each thoracic side. The | | | | more parallelisms between religion and science. It |
| same number is found in women. The text says that | | | | could be read as "closed up the frontal lobe in its |
| God removed one rib and not one pair of ribs. Had | | | | place".In the monkeys the frontal lobe is 9% of the |
| He indeed removed only one rib, man would have | | | | brain. In the man it is 30%. The frontal lobe is a |
| different numbers of this bone on each side of his | | | | tissue ("flesh"), a nervous tissue. The frontal lobe |
| chest. Not only that, but there would also remain a | | | | integrates most of the brain functions. Its prefrontal |
| doubt about the number of ribs in a female.These | | | | portion is related to the initiation of planned actions, |
| contradictions disappear if the text is examined from | | | | i.e., thinking, idealizing, acting in orderly fashion, and |
| the standpoint of information conveyed by Jesus | | | | letting out emotional expressions. In the difference is |
| Christ to His disciples: To God nothing is impossible. | | | | the "closed up the flesh in its place."Subsequent |
| God may have removed one of Adam's ribs but He | | | | ProcreationThe appearance of the human being raises |
| did it in such a way that the woman and all her | | | | the issue of procreation. In the history of creation, |
| descendants would have the same number of ribs. | | | | this problem does not exist: once created, Adam and |
| However, it is assumed that the rib's removal is | | | | Eve started to reproduce. However, in evolution, ONE |
| symbolic language and explained it cannot be | | | | individual, from the fusion of the two chromosomes, |
| regarded as direct language.A look at it now from | | | | would not give origin to the human species.To |
| the standpoint of science. The chimpanzee, from | | | | illustrate,suppose that the fusion of the two |
| which science now admits that man has evolved, has | | | | chromosomes took place in a female, resulting in 23 |
| 24 chromosomes in its sexual cells, i. e., 24 | | | | chromosomes in the gametes, living with males |
| chromosomes in each spermatozoon and 24 | | | | bearing 24 chromosomes in the gametes. Procreation |
| chromosomes in each ovulum. This is referred to | | | | would be impossible. Even if they copulated, no |
| gametes, those sex cells capable of reproducing the | | | | ovulum would be formed due to the lack of |
| species. Therefore, the number of ribs in a man and | | | | symmetry in the DNA. How, then, would the human |
| of chromosomes in a chimpanzee are identical. The | | | | being have procreated in evolution?More likely the |
| other cells in a chimp, as in a human, are diployd, that | | | | phenomenon - physical, chemical or physical-chemical - |
| is, they have the chromosomes in pairs - therefore, | | | | had by then reached several individual chimps, causing |
| they have 48 chromosomes.Confluence of Book of | | | | chromosome fusion in many of them, both males and |
| Genesis and Human Evolution TimelineWere we to | | | | females. In the history of evolution, there is still |
| admit that the rib symbolizes the chromosome, the | | | | another peculiarity: the bonobos have more elements |
| implicit and explicit Bible numbers say that God | | | | than the chimpanzees to be man's |
| removed a chromosome from a chimpanzee and | | | | ancestors.Chimpanzees vs BonobosPreference for |
| made a woman out of it. In other words, the "man", | | | | the chimpanzees over the bonobos - In the |
| a chimp, lost a sex-cell chromosome and thus a | | | | evolutionary scale, science shows preference for the |
| woman was formed.Indeed, the woman, just like the | | | | chimpanzees over the bonobos, even though the |
| man, has one chromosome less than a chimp in the | | | | latter are more similar to human beings.See some |
| sex cells. The human spermatozoon has 23 | | | | ones:the similarity percentage between bonobos' DNA |
| chromosomes and the human ovulum also has 23 | | | | and humans' is greater than that of chimpanzees;their |
| chromosomes. It makes sense. The other cells in the | | | | genitals are more protuding and face forward, as |
| human being are diployd, i. e., they have 46 | | | | with humans;except for humans, they are the only |
| chromosomes. But it is needed to see what science | | | | primates who copulate from the front;they engage in |
| says regarding the man ape evolution, that is, man's | | | | homosexual and heterosexual relations;upon reaching |
| evolution from the chimpanzee.Man's evolution from | | | | adolescence, the females abandon their group and |
| the ape - It is admitted that, in the evolution of the | | | | join another one. In their new group they submit |
| species, through some unknown phenomenon, two | | | | themselves to the female - including sexually - and |
| chimp chromosomes were fused and thus, primitive | | | | then copulate with the males;the females keep |
| man, a hominid, came about. Some theories claim that | | | | together in groups and the male respects them |
| the female came first, which, if true, would give | | | | because, together, they will fight him for food;they |
| further consistency to the symbolic version of Adam | | | | stand on two legs more frequently than chimps do |
| and Eve's story.In a nutshell, this is what the matter | | | | and their laughter is more expressive. They are also |
| has: | | | | more cordial in the group.Despite all this, it is believed |
| Number of ribs in the human being: 24. | | | | that man has evolved from chimps, due to the fact |
| Number of chromosomes in the chimp's gametes: 24. | | | | that they are found in many African regions, in |
| Creation: removal of one rib. | | | | wide-open areas, which would have favored their |
| Evolution: fusion of two chromosomes. | | | | territorial dispersion. Bonobos, on the other hand, live |
| Rib symbolizes chromosome. | | | | in closed-in woods, in some regions in Africa. |
| Removal of one rib = fusion of two chromosomes. | | | | However, from the genetic, anatomic, emotional and |
| Number of chromosomes resulting in the gametes: | | | | behavioral standpoints, more likely the human species |
| 23 - New species: man, hominid. Without wandering | | | | has come from the bonobos. Perhaps, after their |
| too far from these basic issues, it should be asked | | | | community was hard-hit by a cataclysm, they took |
| why there are so many differences between human | | | | refuge in closed-in woods.Man's Ancestor: Neither |
| and chimp, given the "simple" fusion of two | | | | Chimpanzee nor Bonobos and Adam`s RibAnother |
| chromosomes. Furthermore, those in favor of | | | | theory admits that chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, |
| creationism would argue that, since the similarity | | | | orangutangs, gibbons, all belong to the primate family |
| between a chimp's DNA and that of a human being is | | | | known as Pongid, just like the Hominid family, whose |
| above 98%, humans and chimpanzees ought to be | | | | sole representative is man, all belonging to the |
| more alike. These are pertinent questions which must | | | | Hominoids super family, and would have come from |
| be carefully examined.Starting with the numbers: the | | | | individuals known as Old World Monkeys.It is possible |
| difference between human and chimp DNA is less | | | | that some violent environmental change hit Africa |
| than 2%. For three reasons, this percentage can be | | | | and Asia, altering the genetic structure of many Old |
| very meaningful:the science is just barely beginning to | | | | World Monkeys (Cercopitecoids) sometime between |
| understand the human genome, that is, the DNA | | | | six million and twenty-five million years ago. Different |
| map, that of genes and each one's role. On the other | | | | Pongids came into being.Why would not different |
| hand, we know also little about the chimp genome. | | | | hominids have appeared? Present day human must |
| Thus, it is perfectly acceptable that this percentage, | | | | have featured differences among individuals from the |
| though small, means much in terms of anatomical and | | | | very beginning. For instance, there must have |
| physiological differences between the species;the | | | | appeared at the same time individuals with white skin |
| differences may be situated in fundamental parts of | | | | and with black skin in Africa and in Asia. Weather |
| the DNA, enough to cause the differences between | | | | conditions and the fight for survival would have made |
| the species;the amount of DNA in the cells is not | | | | easier for white-skinned individuals to disappear from |
| always proportional to their complexity. Therefore, | | | | Africa and for black-skinned individuals to disappear |
| the arrangement of DNA components in humans may | | | | from ice-cold regions.The theory of a common trunk |
| be more important than the quantity.Thus, the slightly | | | | for all Hominoids does not change the parallel with |
| less than 2% difference between chimps and humans | | | | Adam's rib. The whole Hominoid super family would |
| may become more meaningful. The "simple" fusion of | | | | have come from individuals with 24 chromosomes in |
| one species' two chromosomes may cause many | | | | the gametes. One family (Pongid) continued with 24 |
| differences in the resulting species.Why is the Bible | | | | chromosomes in the gametes while another (Hominid) |
| not explicit? - In other words, why, since the issue | | | | appeared with 23 chromosomes.Ruy Miranda is a |
| was raised in the beginning of this article, does the | | | | Brazilian Physician and a former University |
| Biblical message not speak directly about | | | | Professor. In he offers articles on Bible and science; |
| chromosomes? At least two answers are | | | | excerpts of his novel Bible Quotes in Crystal Land at |
| possible.The first has to do with Christian and Jewish | | | | He is not a religious person.You may reproduce this |
| dogma: this is a sacred text, dictated or inspired by | | | | article as long as it is in its complete |
| God, and there is no questioning how God speaks. | | | | form and that the resource box is included. |
| The second has to do with the Biblical writers: they | | | | |